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Wednesday
Friday's News for Neurologists: Here's 276 New Studies from 10/1 to Friday 11/1
Effects of BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) on health-related quality of life in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: findings from the CONFIRM study
Kinetics of IL-6 production defines T effector cell responsiveness to regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis.
Efficacy and safety of cutting balloons for the treatment of obstructive lesions in the internal jugular veins.
Natalizumab-Induced Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Duloxetine for the Treatment of Pain in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.
Antigen-specific tolerization approaches in multiple sclerosis.
Cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: an evolving concept with implications for other neurodegenerative diseases.
Neuropsychological, balance and mobility risk factors for falls in people with multiple sclerosis: a prospective cohort study.
Menopause in multiple sclerosis: therapeutic considerations.
Dalfampridine improves walking speed, walking endurance, and community participation in veterans with multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal cohort study.
Neuropsychological, balance and mobility risk factors for falls in people with multiple sclerosis: a prospective cohort study.
Aerobic exercise increases hippocampal volume and improves memory in multiple sclerosis: Preliminary findings.
Oligoclonal bands and age at onset correlate with genetic risk score in multiple sclerosis.
MOST NEUROLOGISTS IN SCOTLAND DO NOT USE THE MCDONALD 2010 CRITERIA TO DIAGNOSE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.
[Is MRI monitoring useful in clinical practice in patients with multiple sclerosis? No.]
Long-term endurance exercise improves aerobic capacity in patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of baseline fatigue.
Evaluation of clinical parameters during and after treatment of attack in patients with clinically isolated syndrome: Comparison of the results with that of multiple sclerosis patients.
Subcutaneous Interferon β-1a May Protect against Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: 5-Year Follow-up of the COGIMUS Study.
This study suggests that sc IFN β-1a dose-dependently stabilizes or delays cognitive impairment over a 5-year period in most patients with mild RRMS. Women seem to be more protected against developing cognitive impairment, which may indicate greater response to therapy or the inherently better prognosis associated with female sex in MS.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis.
Multiple Sclerosis treatment and infectious issues: Update 2013.
Predictors of successful acceptance of home telemanagement in veterans with Multiple Sclerosis.
[Is MRI monitoring useful in clinical practice in patients with multiple sclerosis? No.]
Long-term endurance exercise improves aerobic capacity in patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of baseline fatigue.
Evaluation of clinical parameters during and after treatment of attack in patients with clinically isolated syndrome: Comparison of the results with that of multiple sclerosis patients.
Subcutaneous Interferon β-1a May Protect against Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: 5-Year Follow-up of the COGIMUS Study.
This study suggests that sc IFN β-1a dose-dependently stabilizes or delays cognitive impairment over a 5-year period in most patients with mild RRMS. Women seem to be more protected against developing cognitive impairment, which may indicate greater response to therapy or the inherently better prognosis associated with female sex in MS.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis.
Multiple Sclerosis treatment and infectious issues: Update 2013.
Predictors of successful acceptance of home telemanagement in veterans with Multiple Sclerosis.
Predictors of successful acceptance of home telemanagement in veterans with Multiple Sclerosis.
A SURVEY OF ADVICE ON DRIVING IN NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS AMONGST NEUROLOGISTS AND NEUROSURGEONS.
A DECADE OF DATA FOR THE UK MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS RISK-SHARING SCHEME.
CANNABINOID USE IN PROGRESSIVE INFLAMMATORY BRAIN DISEASE (CUPID) MRI SUB-STUDY.
Predictors and dynamics of postpartum relapses in women with multiple sclerosis.
Younger age, female sex, and high number of awakenings and arousals are predictive of fatigue in sleep-disordered patients. Further investigations are needed to find the pathophysiological explanation for these relationships.
Overall, the observed gene regulatory effects of GA on monocytes were modest and not stable over time. However, our study revealed several genes that are worthy of investigation in future studies on the molecular mechanisms of GA therapy.
Treatment patterns in disease-modifying therapy for patients with multiple sclerosis in the United States.
Most MS patients initiating DMT started on platform therapy. Natalizumab initiators tended to stay on index therapy, have fewer treatment gaps, and switch less than platform initiators in the 2 years after treatment initiation. Switching between platform therapies is common despite evidence that MS patients on platform therapy may benefit from switching to natalizumab.
[Cavitary lesions in multiple sclerosis: Multicenter study on twenty patients.]
MS patients with large cavitary lesions seem to represent a MS subgroup, predominantly women, with relatively late disease onset, predominantly primary-progressive type, relatively high EDSS scores, and severe cognitive dysfunction.
Safety and efficacy of mitoxantrone in pediatric patients with aggressive multiple sclerosis.
Our results suggest MX is a good candidate for treatment of children with worsening RRMS and SPMS. Recommendations regarding patient selection, treatment administration, and close follow-up should be considered. Continuing research is needed to establish its efficacy and safety profile in a multinational collaboration with careful follow-up of adverse events.
The demographic characteristics of the White MS patients in our cohort are very similar to those recently described in another UK-based geographically-linked MS cohort of 620 patients in Wales which was 97% White (J Neurol, Neurosurg & Psychiatry 80 (4):386-391). They described a mean age of 51, a female:male ratio of 2.4:1, and a prevalence of 146 per 100,000. However, what is unique to our cohort is its ethnic diversity, allowing us to show prevalences for ethnic minorities. What is more, when data coding is complete, we will be able to conduct further epidemiological studies, including migration studies, treatment effectiveness studies, and case-control studies of risk factors.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disorder most likely caused by gene-environment interactions. There is a latitudinal gradient of MS prevalence and vitamin D deficiency has been strongly implicated in MS aetiology. Iran is a country of high levels of sunshine which has previously been considered a low-risk MS region. However, Iran has recently observed an 8.3-fold rise in the incidence of MS between 1989-2006.
There was a high frequency of both low BMD and Vitamin D deficiency in this cohort of relatively young and largely ambulatory patients with an acute relapse. Current tools, such as the WHO FRAX algorithm, are inadequate in assessing bone status and fracture risk in this patient group, predominantly as they are focused on older age groups. We present a simple clinical management algorithm.
Our study provides a comprehensive picture of the prevalence and incidence of MS throughout the UK. We estimate that 126,669 people were living with MS in the UK in 2010 (2,034 pm population), and that 6,003 new cases were diagnosed that year (96.4 pm/yr). There is an increasing population living longer with MS, which has important implications for resource allocation for MS in the UK.
Comparative effectiveness of GILENYA (fingolimod) versus interferons or glatiramer acetate for relapse rates in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective US claims database analysis.
Results: The study enrolled 525 patients (fingolimod, n = 128; combined IFN/GA cohort, n = 397) of the 31,041 initially identified. Similar findings for fingolimod and IFN/GA were observed for the unadjusted proportion of patients experiencing relapses (31.3% vs. 34.0%, respectively; p = 0.5653) and ARRs (0.50 vs. 0.55, respectively) while persistent to treatment. After adjusting for baseline differences, fingolimod was associated with a 52% reduction in the probability of having a relapse (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.84; p = 0.0097) and a 50% reduction in ARR (rate ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.34-0.75; p = 0.0006) compared with IFN/GA.Misdiagnosis of multiple sclerosis: frequency, causes, effects, and prevention.
The Treatment of Tremor.
Sex as a determinant of relapse incidence and progressive course of multiple sclerosis.
Myelin damage due to local quantitative abnormalities in normal prion levels: evidence from subacute combined degeneration and multiple sclerosis.
Central nervous system infectious diseases mimicking multiple sclerosis: recognizing distinguishable features using MRI.
Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging may show abnormalities in the normal-appearing cervical spinal cord from patients with multiple sclerosis.
Multiple sclerosis in South America: month of birth in different latitudes does not seem to interfere with the prevalence or progression of the disease.
SATIVEX SPREADS TO ONE MORE COUNTRY: Sativex Cannabinoid oromucosal spray is for the treatment of spasticity due to Multiple Sclerosis. Sativex is approved as a treatment for MS spasticity in 22 countries
Prevalence of white matter lesions and stroke in children with migraine
Teriflunomide versus subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: a randomised, controlled phase 3 trial.
Modulators of the Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1.
The influence of disease duration, clinical course, and immunosuppressive therapy on the synthesis of intrathecal oligoclonal IgG bands in multiple sclerosis.
Development of a high-resolution fat and CSFsuppressed optic nerve DTI protocol at 3T: application in multiple sclerosis.
[Natalizumab as induction therapy in multiple sclerosis.]
Laquinimod: A Disproportional Effect on Disability in MS
Exercising away the blues: can it help multiple sclerosis-related depression?
Multiple sclerosis Five new things
Exercising away the blues: can it help multiple sclerosis-related depression?
Multiple sclerosis Five new things
MicroRNA Profiling May Provide Biomarkers for Monitoring MS
Factor VIII Levels After Stroke May Flag Recurrent Events
The interaction between smoking and Epstein-Barr virus as multiple sclerosis risk factors may depend on age
Confounding Underlies the Apparent Month of Birth Effect in Multiple Sclerosis
Can we prevent or treat multiple sclerosis by individualised vitamin D supply?
The impact of fatigue on patients with multiple sclerosis.
Relapses and Progression of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis
Evaluation of an Online Platform for Multiple Sclerosis Research: Patient Description, Validation of Severity Scale, and Exploration of BMI Effects on Disease Course
Intramuscular Interferon Beta-1A Therapy Initiated during a First Demyelinating Event in Multiple Sclerosis
Our preliminary findings indicate that solvent exposures could be related to the risk of MS, as both shoe/leather workers and mechanical manufacturing industry workers are exposed to organic solvents. Interestingly, a major risk of MS was also found among workers engaged in agriculture, suggesting a role of pesticides, whose neurotoxic effect is well known.
Dalfampridine-ER was associated with short-term improvements in walking speed and community participation, and sustained improvements in walking endurance and self-perceived impact of MS on walking for one year. Our study supports the utility of this medication in late MS.
The MSGB score was associated with specific clinical MS characteristics, such as OCBs and AAO. This study underlines the need for well-characterized, large cohorts of MS patients, and the usefulness of summarizing multiple genetic risk factors of modest effect size in genotype-phenotype analyses.
AMS was identified in 4–14% of patients, depending on the definition used. Although there was a relative preponderance of men and primary progressive MS presenting with AMS, the majority of patients were still women and those with relapsing-onset MS.
The intervention significantly increased informed choice and relevant risk knowledge without negative side effects.
A SERVICE DEVELOPMENT AUDIT OF FAMPRIDINE (AMPYRA) USE IN MS.
The 2MWT and accelerometry are good objective measures of walking disability in addition to the T25FW. Accelerometry provides additional real-life data regarding activity during the day, and offers information regarding the impact of fatigue on a patient. The MSWS-12 subjectively measures impact of walking disability and the ABC score predicts falls. The use of an assistive device identifies walking disability and predicts risk of falls. Given the uncertainty regarding falls risk in patients using fampridine, physicians should consider using these tools to monitor patients under consideration for the drug.Significant increases in sodium were seen in lesions and normal appearing brain tissues in MS. Increased concentration of sodium in lesions, cortical grey matter, NAWM and basal ganglia in SPMS versus RRMS indicates greater neuroaxonal metabolic dysfunction and/or loss in the former group. MRI measurement of sodium concentration in vivo is likely to reflect clinically relevant neuroaxonal pathophysiology and may be a useful outcome measure in trials of putative neuroprotective treatments.
The demographic characteristics of the White MS patients in our cohort are very similar to those recently described in another UK–based geographically–linked MS cohort of 620 patients in Wales which was 97% White (J Neurol, Neurosurg & Psychiatry 80 (4):386–391). They described a mean age of 51, a female:male ratio of 2.4:1, and a prevalence of 146 per 100,000.
Results confirm a favourable effect on relapses as pregnancy proceeds, and an early postpartum peak. Pre-conception DMT exposure and low ARR were independently protective against postpartum relapse. This novel finding could provide clinicians with a strategy to minimise postpartum relapse risk in women with MS planning pregnancy.
This study demonstrates a significantly increased risk of progression from RRMS to SPMS in patients who become NAb positive. As no current disease modifying treatments are effective in this phase of the disease patients at risk should be detected early and routine NAb testing can help to inform this decision.
Children with MS demonstrate abnormally increased rates of EBV viral reactivation and a broader range of genetic variants, suggesting a selective impairment in their immunologic control of EBV.
Profound TCR repertoire restrictions in CSF of patients treated with natalizumab reflect an altered immune surveillance of the CNS, which may contribute to an increased risk of developing PML. Natalizumab seems to prompt an impaired or delayed peripheral expansion of antigen-specific T cells, whereas increased reconstitution of peripheral T-cell expansion following plasma exchange may trigger PML-IRIS. Our data suggest that treatment with natalizumab results in broader changes in the T-cell immune repertoire beyond lymphocyte migration.
Astragaloside IV Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis of Mice by Counteracting Oxidative Stress at Multiple Levels.
Global and 3D Spatial Assessment of Neuroinflammation in Rodent Models of Multiple Sclerosis.
Speed of word retrieval in multiple sclerosis.
The speed of processing is impaired in MS patients. Consequently, more evaluation and planning treatment programs based of speed processing for memory in these patients are necessary for them because of the role of memory in daily activities of life.
Bridging, switching or drug holidays - how to treat a patient who stops natalizumab?
Small Molecule Inhibitor of Antigen Binding and Presentation by HLA-DR2b as a Therapeutic
Strategy for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.
The Role of CD8+ T Cells and Their Local Interaction with CD4+ T Cells in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.
7th International Symposium on Enabling Technologies for Life Sciences (ETP).
Molecular Architecture of Myelinated Nerve Fibers: Leaky Paranodal Junctions and Paranodal Dysmyelination.
Gray matter damage predicts the accumulation of disability 13 years later in MS.
Urinary complications and risk factors in symptomatic multiple sclerosis patients. Study of a cohort of 328 patients.
Urinary complications are common in symptomatic MS, these results imply screening and specialized care to limit the impact on the quality of life but also to prevent urinary complications. Neurourol. Urodynam.
Relationship between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Inflammation, Demyelination and Neurodegeneration in Acute Optic Neuritis.
8-Hydroxyquinolines: a review of their metal chelating properties and medicinal applications.
A review of the cultivation and processing of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) for production of prescription medicines in the UK.
Visualization of acute focal lesions in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by magnetic nanoparticles, comparing different MRI sequences including phase imaging.
Cerebral arterial and venous blood flow in adolescent multiple sclerosis patients and age-matched controls using phase contrast MRI.
No population difference in flow rate was detected in adolescent MS participants relative to age-matched controls. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013.
Trans-synaptic axonal degeneration in the visual pathway in multiple sclerosis.
An introduction with medical applications to functional data analysis.
The present retrospective study did not show a specific profile of long-term deleterious drug effects on children born from mothers who were exposed to drugs for MS treatment.
Toxicological aspects of injectable gold-hyaluronan combination as a treatment for neuroinflammation.
New Insights in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis-Role of Acrolein in Neuronal and Myelin Damage.
Frontotemporal Cortical Thinning in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Superficial brain stimulation in multiple sclerosis.
Central motor conduction time.Deep brain stimulation for pain.
Δ9-THC was not better than placebo at reducing the rates of new T1 or T2 lesions or brain atrophy in patients with progressive MS.
Deep brain stimulation for other tremors, myoclonus, and chorea.
Prognostic Indicators of Acute Transverse Myelitis in 39 Children.
A short time to maximal defects, long time of peak neurological impairment and initial time of treatment, increased protein levels of cerebrospinal fluid, and secondary infection played important roles in predicting poor prognosis.
Dimethylfumarate induces apoptosis in human mast cells.
CHANGING FACE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 1990-2010. AN INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE STUDY.
Presentation of MS in older adults is often atypical, with sensorimotor and cerebellar symptoms constituting the predominant clinical syndrome, negative investigations including OCBs, fewer relapses and earlier progression of disability. This may make diagnosis of LOMS problematic. Once LOMS is established, disability progresses more rapidly than in younger onset patients. Although at present there are no effective treatments for progressive neurodegeneration in MS, it is important to identify this group of patients who are likely to require greater input from MS services, and who may benefit from early treatments for progression of disease in the future.
Autologous MSCs can be safely administered in secondary progressive MS with evidence to suggest structural, functional and physiological improvement following treatment consistent with neuroprotection. The transient treatment response seen implied a likely requirement for repeat infusions to sustain benefit in the long-term.
White cell pleocytosis was the most frequent abnormality (48%) followed by raised CSF protein (54%) and positive OCBs (41%) and were most commonly observed within 30 days of relapse. Cell counts of >50/ml and CSF protein of >1.0 g/dl, contrary to popular belief, were unusual. In addition CSF changes in NMO were frequently dynamic and likely to relate to recent disease activity. Whilst these changes may be useful in monitoring some aspects of disease activity OCBs should not be employed to discriminate between NMO and other neuroinflammatory disorders and in particular MS, and also challenge the concept that development of positive OCB status is irreversible.
Application of the Oxford 2012 diagnostic criteria in a clinical setting resulted in an 85% specificity for differentiating NMO from RRMS, the most common differential diagnosis compared to only 67% for Barkhof's criteria. This data should be considered in the MRI assessment of patients in whom the diagnosis of NMO is being considered. In particular patients fulfilling Barkhof's criteria should also be assessed with the Oxford 2012 criteria to improve the interpretation of brain MR imaging and its diagnostic accuracy.
There was a high frequency of both low BMD and Vitamin D deficiency in this cohort of relatively young and largely ambulatory patients with an acute relapse. Current tools, such as the WHO FRAX algorithm, are inadequate in assessing bone status and fracture risk in this patient group, predominantly as they are focused on older age groups. We present a simple clinical management algorithm.
Using PSIR at 3T, lesions involving CGM were visible in all lobes. A higher number of CGM lesions were noted in the frontal and temporal lobes both relapsing remitting and progressive MS subgroups. Occipital CGM lesions were uncommon.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION.
In this interim analysis of UK TOP results, patients treated with natalizumab had significantly improved ARRs, regardless of baseline treatment or relapse history. EDSS scores remained stable over time. Safety data were consistent with natalizumab's known safety profile. Analyses of UK TOP data over longer periods of time will further characterise the effect of natalizumab on disability, as well as on other long-term efficacy and safety parameters in a real-world setting.
Predictors of successful acceptance of home telemanagement in veterans with Multiple Sclerosis.
Time and time-frequency analysis of near-infrared signals for the assessment of ozone autohemotherapy long-term effects in multiple sclerosis.
The dimeric Tβ4 exhibited enhanced activity on wound healing than native Tβ4, and the purification process was simple and cost-effective. This data could be of significant benefit for the high pain and morbidity associated with chronic wounds disease. A better strategy to develop Tβ4 as a treatment for other diseases caused by injuries such as heart attack, neurotrophic keratitis, and multiple sclerosis was also described.
Internet-based FS and EDSS show good agreement with physician-measured scores. Agreement was better in patients with higher scores, indicating that internet-based assessment may be useful for patients with greater disability. Interestingly, >90% patients self-scored higher in the bowel/bladder FS than the physician-rated scores, highlighting that a web-based assessment may be useful for patient who have difficulty describing personal symptoms. Overall patient satisfaction with the web-based assessment was high. An internet-based assessment tool is likely to prove an invaluable tool in the long-term monitoring in MS; not least for those patients who have difficulty travelling to see physicians regularly due to the severity of their disease.
Our study begins to explore possible epistatic effects between genes in MS employing extremes of outcome, which increases power and may be able to detect effects that conventional models are underpowered for. Our findings suggest that interactions between antigen presenting cell activation and other components of the inflammatory cascade predispose patients to early-onset disease, and indicate a possible role for KIF21B in the onset of disease progression. We have set out a methodology for exploration of epistatic effects on MS phenotype which requires confirmation in replication studies.
The BRAIN test is a widely-available, objective test of upper limb motor function in neurological disease and can be use in the outpatient clinic, home and in clinical trials. Tapping speed is reduced in MS patients when compared to healthy controls and by a similar extent to that seen in PD. MS patients do not have prolonged dwell time when pressing keys, which is a feature of the PD patient group and perhaps extra-pyramidal slowing. This potential for the BRAIN test in differentiating pyramidal from extra-pyramidal motor dysfunction requires further study.
Assuming that reduced GM MTR implies demyelination and atrophy reflects neuronal loss, the results suggest that: (i) in progressive (SP and PP) MS there is overall more extensive GM demyelination than neuronal loss; (ii) in RRMS there is overall more extensive GM neuronal loss with less noticeable demyelination, (iii) cortical demyelination occurs in more regions in SPMS and PPMS than RRMS; (iv) demyelination and neuronal loss often occur in different locations in the cortex, and (v) co-existent demyelination and neuronal loss is most evident in the thalamus. The variation in regional abnormalities argue against a single common mechanism for demyelination and neuronal loss in MS GM.
This study demonstrates a significantly increased risk of progression from RRMS to SPMS in patients who become NAb positive. As no current disease modifying treatments are effective in this phase of the disease patients at risk should be detected early and routine NAb testing can help to inform this decision.
In addition to a prominent global influence on cognitive performance, patients with progressive MS commonly exhibit independent language and visuospatial deficits. Evaluation of these abilities should therefore be included in clinical assessment of cognition in progressive MS. The underrepresentation of frontal-executive dysfunction also seen in our study raises the possibility that language and visuospatial deficits may be characteristic of cognitive impairment in progressive MS.
The demographic characteristics of the White MS patients in our cohort are very similar to those recently described in another UK-based geographically-linked MS cohort of 620 patients in Wales which was 97% White (J Neurol, Neurosurg & Psychiatry 80 (4):386-391). They described a mean age of 51, a female:male ratio of 2.4:1, and a prevalence of 146 per 100,000. However, what is unique to our cohort is its ethnic diversity, allowing us to show prevalences for ethnic minorities. What is more, when data coding is complete, we will be able to conduct further epidemiological studies, including migration studies, treatment effectiveness studies, and case-control studies of risk factors.
100
Evidence-based patient information program in early multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled trial
Elan Announces Webcast of Third Quarter 2013 Financial Results - 4:16pm EDT
Characterizing aggressive multiple sclerosis
A DECADE OF DATA FOR THE UK MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS RISK-SHARING
LATE-ONSET MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
MOST NEUROLOGISTS IN SCOTLAND DO NOT USE THE MCDONALD 2010 CRITERIA TO DIAGNOSE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Characterising aggressive multiple sclerosis
Decreased NAA in Gray Matter is Correlated with Decreased Availability of Acetate in White Matter in Postmortem Multiple Sclerosis Cortex.
Depressive syndromes in neurological disorders.
Maintenance percutaneous posterior nerve stimulation for refractory lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Prolonged PTNS treatment leads to a persistent improvement of LUTS in MS patients.
Cell-Based Reparative Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis.
Astrocytic A20 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting NF-κB- and STAT1-dependent chemokine production in astrocytes.
Pivotal role of augmented αB-crystallin in tumor development induced by deficient TSC1/2 complex.
False positive radiographical evidence of pump catheter migration into the spinal cord.
Environmental factors acting during development to influence MS risk: insights from animal studies.
Defective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) phosphorylation exacerbates TH17-mediated autoimmune neuroinflammation.
Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis.
TNF Receptor 2 protects oligodendrocyte progenitor cells against oxidative stress.
Targeting Interleukin-6 in Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases and Cancers.
Review of the pharmacoeconomics of early treatment of multiple sclerosis using interferon beta.
The usefulness of brain MRI at onset in the differentiation of multiple sclerosis and seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
Dalfampridine improves walking speed, walking endurance, and community participation in veterans with multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal cohort study
Evidence-based patient information programme in early multiple sclerosis: randomised controlled trial
Evidence-based patient information programme in early multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled trial
Characterising aggressive multiple sclerosis
Disease modification in multiple sclerosis: an update
Early White Matter Changes in Childhood Multiple Sclerosis: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Fingolimod initiators were more compliant, less likely to discontinue treatment, and discontinued later than patients who initiated self-injected DMT.
[Is MRI monitoring useful in clinical practice in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis? Yes.]
Visualization of inflammation and demyelination in 2D2 transgenic mice with rodent MRI.
25-hydroxyvitamin D3 Concentration in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Remitting-relapse Multiple Sclerosis.
Adipocytokine Profile, Cytokine Levels and Foxp3 Expression in Multiple Sclerosis: a Possible Link to Susceptibility and Clinical Course of Disease.
Progression, Symptoms and Psychosocial Concerns among Those Severely Affected by Multiple Sclerosis: A Mixed-Methods Cross-Sectional Study of Black Caribbean and White British People.
Tumefactive multiple sclerosis and fingolimod: Immunotherapies and unintended consequences.
The neuropathology of obesity: insights from human disease.
Alterations of brain eicosanoid synthetic pathway in multiple sclerosis and in animal models of demyelination: Role of cyclooxygenase-2.
Cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: an evolving concept with implications for other neurodegenerative diseases.
Labels: 500 Best PML Stories & Studies, Ampyra, Copaxone, For Doctors, PML (Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy), sativex, Study, Tysabri
